Understanding counselling theory. Essay example - 1389 Words

Macclesfield College ABC Level 3 Certificate in Counselling Skills Assignment 2 Understanding counselling theory. Unit 2- R/601/7575 Hana Lewis- 144383 ABC 17970-33 Contents Page 3 : Introduction. (157 words) Page 3 : Origins of Person- centred counselling (198 words) Page 4: Key concepts and principles of Person- centred counselling. (288 words) Page 5 : How does Person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? (245 words) Page 6 : How does person-centred approach inform counselling practice? (267 words) Page 8-10: Key features and comparison of different models, with the person-centred model. (400 words) Page 11 : Conclusion. (200 words) Page 12: References†¦show more content†¦Locus of evaluation, the external locus of evaluation, is a reliance on externals for guidance and affirmation, characterised by ‘shoulds’ and ‘oughts’ and difficulty making decisions. The internal locus of evaluation, is the ability to trust our own self and own valuing system, less influenced by others opinions. The main principles of person centred model are the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. They are vital for building a safe therapeutic relationship, in which the client can explore fully. How does person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? Carl Rogers believed that; ‘clients become empowered to find their own solutions and their own unique, personally meaningful path through life.’ One theory of his client centred psychotherapy was based on the idea that; ‘every person has within an acorn, able to grow into a certain kind of tree, a blueprint for a unique life’ Rogers worked with many others in developing the idea that clients could heal themselves, if only the therapist provided ‘facilitative’ or core conditions of, ‘empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard.’ Rogers used the symbolism of concept of self, being like a plant given water, soil, sun, and fertilizer. In these optimum or ‘facilitative’ conditions the client concept of self can grow and unfold like the plant. The client wouldShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Counselling Theories1374 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Counselling Theories 1a The B.A.C.P (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy) define counselling as ‘the skilled use of the relationship (between counsellor and client) to help the client develop self-knowledge, self-esteem and the ability to take control of his or her own life’. 1b Counselling is based on a therapeutic relationship, whereby the counsellor using their skills and knowledge to help the client to explore and understand their difficulties. This is done inRead MoreCounselling And Psychotherapeutic Theory Of Understanding Human Development2153 Words   |  9 PagesCounselling and psychotherapeutic theory is a way of understanding human development and experiences in relation to the environment. Each theory is based on a set of principles and concepts that have been derived from observable behaviour. However, each theory has identified limitations and no single theory is appropriate for all clients or all presenting issues. Psychotherapeutic integration is combining different theories and/or techniques to create a more comprehensive and complete outcome forRead Morecounselling theory essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion. 1.1 Key elements of psychodynamic theory Dr Sigmud Freud (1856-1939), isRead MorePsychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPsychodynamic Counselling – Overview. Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief overview is possible here – following on from the themes already discussed and with particular focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein. â€Å"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind, others which may riseRead MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent theories and ways of practising exist for counsellors, with reflective practice becoming more popular amongst practitioners. Dallos, Stedmon (2009) state that for professionals working directly with people, such as counsellors, reflective practice has quickly developed into a fundamental component of training, and the best practice for creating successful outcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory canRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, it’s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognizedRead MoreDescribe How Current Counselling and Psychotherapy Practices Emerged from Psychiatry and Psychology.1226 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent counselling and psychotherapy practice emerged from psychiatry and psychology. Use critical evaluation of theoretical evidence to support discussion points. 2, Analyse the similarities and differences between psychotherapy and counselling practices using evidence, aims and objectives relevant to practice and therapeutic need. Counselling and psychotherapy are very different areas of speciality than psychiatry or psychology. Yet it is from these two health practices that counselling and psychotherapyRead MoreSocial Control And Social Influence1728 Words   |  7 Pagesand law enforcement agents such as: police, military, and other city, state, and federal agencies. This form of control is set in place to prevent chaos in society. Theories of social control have been used to define and explain how the behaviours and actions of a person could be controlled by social agents (Dixon, 2015). These theories have been used by certain interactionists, functionalists, Marxists and post-structuralist to understand the way in which social norms and order is defined and maintainedRead Moreâ€Å"Compare and Contrast the Different Ways the Person-Centred and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches to Counselling Understand and Make Use of the Counselling Relationship†1559 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling understand and make use of the counselling relationship†    This essay is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatmentsRead MoreReflective Essay On Counselling1690 Words   |  7 PagesThis reflective essay will try and develop an understanding of the experiences and theory that has been applied to a counselling roleplay and applied content over the duration of the module. Furthermore, identifying what has been covered and what has not been covered in the roleplay, its strengths, weaknesses, what needs developing and how it can help as counsellors within the field. The first topic will reflect on the skills and attributes that have been applied to the roleplay and how it has been

A Womens Right to Vote Essay - 758 Words

Womens Right to Vote August 26, 1920 was perhaps one of the greatest victories of the century for women. Now when the polls open women and men stand next to each other and cast a vote that holds the same importance. Every person should remember the time and effort it took to get here as they approach the poll booth. There was a struggle to over come and that struggle was won. The landmark acceptance of the Nineteenth Amendment changed the way of life in American forever. We were sixteen women sitting in sixteen chairs, longing to stand. (Dubois 250) This quote given by Mary Baker before the Passing of the Nineteenth Amendment is used to show how women were wanting and desired to stand next to each other in a line of†¦show more content†¦Before the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment women were shunned and placed as background settings to a male dominated stage. When the time came to push for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment a group of women stood together to let their voice be heard. As Alice Paul said, We came to be heard, not to be questioned or to be turned around. We will answer your questions and you may turn us around, but we will prove the burden of justice in our favor then you can no longer make us leave. With that we will stay. (Foner 765) As the ladies decided that this would be their place to stand, in time and in history, the male gender parted seas and allowed the females to forge their way to the next moment in time. Till the day the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified it was the only argument that could force sides to be taken among families, friends, and society in general. August 20, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed allowing women the right to vote as equals with men. The right of all citizens of the United States to vote would not be denied by the United States Government or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of this article. (Weatherford 245) These few words gave the female race inShow MoreRelatedWomens Right to Vote1122 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Womens Right to Vote Cover Letter ONE: My purpose in writing this essay in one sense is a reminder to myself and to anyone reading it that among the lesser known and yet enormously impactful injustices of the U.S. is the fact that it took 144 years from the time of the Declaration of Independence to 1920 when the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was put in place. In those 144 years there were august debates about freed slaves rights to vote; and of course there was a bloody war over statesRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s right to voting Right from the Preamble of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948), the â€Å"equal rights of women and men† are mentioned, together with the fundamental human rights, to be reaffirmed by the UN’s member states to form the background for the demonstration of the Declaration (Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 1948). The history of women’s rights can be traced back to the Babylonian law-code (the Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1780 BC) , and then one of the first legally documentedRead MoreEssay on Womens Right to Vote875 Words   |  4 PagesWomens suffrage refers to the right of women to participate in democratic processes through voting on the same basis as men. In the medieval and early modern periods in Europe, the right to vote was typically severely limited for all people by factors such as age, ownership of property, and gender. The development of the modern democratic state has been characterized internationally by the erosion of these various limi tations following periods of collective struggle. Womens suffrage has been achievedRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesWomens Right to Vote After aeons of being treated as second-class citizens, the women of Britain, around the 1860s, decided to campaign for suffrage and gain equal rights and their reasons for campaigning are explained below. Married women were always superseded by their husbands, could not own property and had few other rights. Divorce laws, too, were partial, favouring men more than women and practices like wife-battering and marital rape were still legal. AfterRead MoreWomens Right to Vote due to Their Contribution to the War Effort1543 Words   |  7 PagesWomens Right to Vote due to Their Contribution to the War Effort In 1918 a major milestone was reached in the fight for womens equality rights, this was women being granted suffrage by the government. During the physical endurance of the four years of the war, women proving themselves equal to men, they were rewarded the vote. The Electoral Reform bill was passed which granted voting rights to all female property owners over 30. Some historians say women were neverRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Due to Their Contribution to the War Effort799 Words   |  4 PagesWomens Right to Vote Due to Their Contribution to the War Effort In August 1914 Britaindeclared war on Germany. Both the suffragettes and suffragists suspended their campaigns. Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, the government ordered the unconditional release of all suffrage prisoners. On August 13, Emmeline Pankhurst called a temporary suspension to militancy and asked her followers to support her in the war effort. The suffragette movement was now effectivelyRead MoreWomens Failure to Gain the Right to Vote between 1900 and 19141835 Words   |  8 PagesWomens Failure to Gain the Right to Vote between 1900 and 1914 In the years leading up to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, womens suffrage was never far from the headlines due to the constant bombardment of publicity stunts pulled by Emmeline Pankhurst and her Suffragettes. Using all within their power to gain attention, the Suffragettes believed in using direct persuasion, and if necessary, violent protest to remain in the public eye, pulling stunts fromRead MoreEssay on The Women770 Words   |  4 Pages The womens suffrage party fought for years on the right to vote. They werent going to stop until they got their right. For instance, Alice Paul organized a parade through Washington D.C. on inauguration day, which supported womens suffrage and also picketed the White House for 18 months. Paul was put in jail for that and started a hunger strike. Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Shanton supported the womens suffrage for fifty years later. Neither of them lived to see the 19th amendment ratifiedRead MoreThe Fight to Vote Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pageshave the right to vote. In many states, they could only vote if their state allowed them the privilege. The dedicated men and women fought for their right to vote in the Civil Rights Movement in the early and mid 1900s. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act to give African Americans the rights to vote. It would have not occurred if the Civil Rights Movement had not taken place. The Nineteenth Amendment would not have occurred either if not for the Civil Rights Movement

Appropriation And Important Postmodern Strategy Art Essay Example For Students

Appropriation And Important Postmodern Strategy Art Essay Important displacements in ocular schemes in the humanistic disciplines mark the historic cross-over from the Modern to the postmodern paradigm. While this holds every bit true in music and literature, it is the development of such schemes in the ocular humanistic disciplines that this essay concentrates on. While such limit can non be pinned down to a specific twelvemonth or day of the month, it is possible to convincingly chart this displacement via an scrutiny of the working schemes of three of import painters: Americans Andy Warhol and David Salle, and Australia s Imants Tillers. Postmodern art, by definition, rejects rigorous genre confines and, unlike modern art, celebrates the commixture of signifiers and thoughts. As a consequence of this rejection, postmodernism advertises the usage of sarcasm, lampoon, sarcasm, temper and montage. The usage of appropriation in art is a utile scheme for noticing on, or knocking facets of life by recontextualising an image or object of already determined significance. Giving new significance to, or edifice upon the significance of, an bing thought by redefining its context is an effectual tool that alters or interferes with the viewing audiences original association with an object or thought. This being instantly recogniseable as a postmodern attack due to its embracing of contradiction, diverseness and the unconventional . This is of import as the message translates easy, giving significance to a modern twenty-four hours audience. David SallesA Tragedy, 1995, is a diptych. The right manus panel is performed inA grisaille, a technique preponderantly used to render figures from one base coloring material or drones, greatly stressing the temper. In this panel are two figures, a simpering female, sidelong behind the chief male figure who sits with custodies on articulatio genuss with face distorted into a monstrous lampoon of desperation. The left panels evident medley is backgrounded by what appears to be a domestic scene derived from a 1950s advertizement, perchance a direct mention to Richard Hamilton s landmark graphics Just what is it that makes today s places so different, so appealing? ( 1956 ) , a work widely considered as a seminal precursor to Pop art. There is besides a possible decease motive in mention to the Cold War and the anxiousness of the Atomic age of the station WW2 West. In the Centre is a black and white exposure of a bomb blast, surrounded by lemons, with a black baseball mitt at the top right corner. The detonation could besides be representational of decease, every bit good as the black baseball mitt being a traditional bereavement figure of speech, these funery motifs all associating back to the tragic tone of the graphics, and the adult males expression.A Salle s work is more about apposition which he uses as a scheme to destabilize the ways in which we traditionally see, and at the same clip reconfigure traditional ocular narration. He leans to a great extent on a simple scheme of montaging images of the commonplace and mundane. The consequence is clashing, and visually upseting. In this, we can see his liability to the better facets of Pop like Warhol and James Rosenquist. Salle besides created another diptych work entitledA ComedyA ( 1995 ) utilizing the same layout, but mirrored with opposite facial looks on the figures ; as the adult male with an overdone frown inA TragedyA now smiles inA Comedy.A The left panel ofA ComedyA is besides rendered in grisaille. In the right panel, an advertizement for a sleeping room suite is set on its side and like the creative person s early plant, is collaged with extra imagination: a black and white exposure of a headless female manner manikin, enclosed by a Garland of butterflies, and below a theatrical rippled harlequin collar.A The mated rubrics may mention straight to Salle s set and costume designs for concert dance and theater, every bit good as his enterprise into directing the 1995 characteristic filmA Search and Destroy. The figure of speechs of the frilled baseball mitt and harlequin neckband in Salle s work of the early 1890ss intimations to his engagement with the acting humanistic disciplines. A cinematic feel can besides be identified in Salle s appositions of scenes that conjure a cinematic feeling in which constituents are arranged to bring forth an alternate significance that is non, so can non, be seen in the remarkable images entirely. The fact that the images of the adult male in the foreground are reversed when comparing Comedy and Tragedy besides gives the spectator an dry constellation of the Janus, the tragic and amusing faces are referenced, via each other, into a remarkable thought. The God Janus was the defender of Gatess and doors, beginnings and terminations and day of the months t o Roman times. But beyond the traditional figure of speech of the Janus, is the fact that he is ambidextrous. It may be of some involvement to observe that, before doing it large as an creative person Salle worked for a short clip in the late 1970 s as a paste-up creative person forA Stagmagazine, a adult publication. It is interesting to observe that extremely sexualised and fetish images doing a regular visual aspect in his plant of the eightiess. InA TragedyA the chief figure is haloed by a bio-morphic form, at one time splanchnic and phallic. If this motive is so phallic, along with the bomb blast perchance symbolizing a premature detonation , Tragedy may good portray a failure of male authority. Taking this reading, A ComedyA must certainly read as the antonym: the chief male figure beams, proud and confident as opposite a bio-morphically enclosed female manikin in a fluxing gown bases without a caput. The fact the female mannquin is headless is besides interesting, being without individuality, the female purely objectified. Organizational Charts EssayWhile widely recognised as the main advocate of the Pop parlance, specific early plant by Andy Warhol can retrospectively show the diminution of the Modernist period. Warhol s rejection of the machismo of the New York School is a authoritative Oedipal scheme. The best of the Abstract Expressionists had traded to a great extent on the supposed Jungian content of their work, whereby significance was derived from the existent physical puting down of pigment on canvas. Most noteworthy of these, of class, was Jackson Pollock who was on the record in interview touting his Jungian lineage. By deduction besides, this Jungian ideal cashed out on the inexplicit value of originality. To witness the extent to which worship of the reliable grade of the creative person extended, one merely necessitate examine the immense, blunt calligraphic plants of Franz Klein.A But Warhol was noteworthy in his entire rejection of these thoughts. His dandified, emasculate character stood starkly at odds with the Abstract Expressionists who, we must retrieve, were still practising in the old ages of Warhol s outgrowth in the early 1960 s. In topographic point of the Abstract Expressionists tortured surfaces were Warhol s radically underworked monochromatic renderings of newspaper advertizements and newspaper headlines as inA $ 199 Television, 1961.A Warhols Campbells soup can, along with images of CocaCola bottles and Marilyn Monroe became the Pop Art motions stand foring motive. The soup can being a satirical remark of Americas consumerism. By utilizing the familiar image of Marilyn Monroe s face he has turned it strictly into an icon of pop civilization, and no longer a individual with deepness and character. Her word picture is now merely a shallow symbol of celebrity and beauty. Warhol s signature usage of the silk screen print completed his rejection of the New York manner of picture of the late 1940 s and 1950 s. The silkscreen stood as a consistent graphics, and the mechanic nature of this production put the creative persons manus at one remove from the finished merchandise, particularly given Warhol employed helpers to do the existent work while he stood as supervisor, and oversaw production.A In 1964 Warhol was one of 10 creative persons commissioned to bring forth work for the World Trade Fair to be held in New York. Warhol s part, A Most Wanted Work force, 1964A featured silkscreen portrayals taken from FBI mug shots. This mural-sized work was installed on the outside wall of theA Circarama, a one hundred pes round film in which a 360 degree position of New York was projected. Within yearss of its installing nevertheless, theA CircaramasA designer, Philip Johnson, had asked Warhol to removeA Most Wanted Men, stating the New York State governor thought it would pique the many Italians among his components, given all the work forces depicted were Italian. Given 24 hours to replace or take the work, Warhol had his helpers scale ladders and cover the portrayals with industrial Ag pigment. The scheme is fascinating. Get downing with the thought of allowing exposure, photo-silkscreening them to happen the appropriate graduated table, and so, after the order that it be removed, Warhol chooses non to replace the work, but complete it with the metaphoric mirroring of the silver paint-out of the original image.A In existent footings so, the intervention or censorship offered by the Trade Fair organizers and associated politicians, did non needfully ensue in a failure of this work. In the same manner that many postmodern creative persons place their viewing audiences to interact with a work in order to finish it, or happen significance, so Warhol played with the critical intervention he was offered in a manner that served the work and, possibly more significantly, appendedA Most Wanted MenA with a complex narration that sited the creative person as theA enfant terribleA orA provocateurA who, in finishing the work with a petroleum, industrial Ag tegument, metaphorically throws an unacknowledged and ( given the ambiguity of its rubric, homoerotic ) Narcissistic urge back in the faces of the governments. So whether the creative persons purpose is strictly stand foring a personal side of themselves to an audience, or to arouse contention and oppugning from the populace, the usage of appropriation is a utile scheme of postmodernity as it requires engagement of audience idea to do a work complete . This would look really unconventional to Modern art, but thats what makes appropriation or recontextualisation such a powerful postmodern tool. Salles personal love of the theatrical, Tillers inquiring of sacred Aboriginal art or Warhols parodic usage of popular and commercial merchandises ; As can be seen from these good known creative persons and graphicss of the postmodern epoch, constructing upon or giving new significance to an image or object is a really efficient manner of bring forthing art with a message behind it.